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How to identify electronic moisture-proof cabinets on the market
The first type of electronic dehumidification method, commonly known as the "zeolite" or "molecular sieve" system, relies on a desiccant material to absorb moisture from the air inside the cabinet. This is often paired with a humidity sensor that automatically controls the dehumidification process. However, since the desiccant material can become saturated over time, most commercial units require a regeneration cycle—typically 3–5 hours for absorption and 1 hour for drying—to restore its effectiveness. This cyclical process can lead to fluctuations in humidity levels, especially in environments where temperature and humidity are not stable. For larger cabinets, the dehumidification speed tends to be slower, and there may be uneven distribution of humidity within the space. This method is more suitable for home use or low-demand industrial applications due to its relatively low cost and acceptable performance in less critical conditions.
The second type of dehumidification involves vacuum preservation. In this approach, a vacuum pump is used to remove air and moisture from the cabinet, creating a low-humidity environment. While this method can achieve very low humidity levels, it has several drawbacks. The cabinet must maintain a tight seal, which limits the usable internal space compared to the overall size of the unit. Additionally, the process requires manual vacuuming before each use, and decompression is needed when items are removed, making it inconvenient. The vacuum pump also produces continuous noise, and the initial cost is high. As a result, this method is rarely used today except in very specific, small-scale applications.
The third type of dehumidification uses nitrogen gas to replace the air inside the cabinet. This technique is common in microelectronics manufacturing, where oxidation prevention is crucial. By filling the cabinet with nitrogen, oxygen is displaced, reducing the risk of oxidation. However, the main issue with nitrogen-based systems is the high operating cost. For example, a 1000-liter nitrogen cabinet with an 80-liter-per-minute flow rate can consume around 80,000 yuan worth of nitrogen annually. Moreover, the continuous use of nitrogen can lower oxygen levels in the surrounding area, potentially causing discomfort to operators. Over time, the humidity control becomes less effective, and the system may fail to maintain consistent conditions, leading to instability and reduced performance.
The fourth type of dehumidification involves refrigeration. This method uses a compressor or semiconductor cooling element to lower the temperature of a heat exchanger, causing moisture in the air to condense and drip off. While this is effective in warmer conditions (around 30°C), the efficiency drops significantly as the temperature decreases. Below 25°C, the dehumidification effect is poor, and below 20°C, the heat exchanger may freeze, making it impossible to remove moisture effectively. Additionally, refrigeration-based systems are not ideal for preventing oxidation, and they consume a lot of energy, resulting in high operational costs. They also pose risks when removing items, as condensation can form on sensitive surfaces like lenses or metal parts. Furthermore, these systems cannot achieve humidity levels below 20–30% RH and are unsuitable for preserving materials that require clean air, such as photographic film or magnetic tapes.
Recently, some manufacturers have introduced refrigerated electronic moisture-proof cabinets using thermoelectric cooling modules. Although they are marketed as advanced solutions, they still face the same limitations as traditional refrigeration-based systems, such as inefficiency at lower temperatures and high power consumption. As a result, their application remains limited to specific scenarios where other options are unavailable.