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Kyushu space talks about the difference in water quality of the groundwater in the country
Groundwater has long been a vital source of water for daily life in ancient China, from the 5,700-year-old square wooden well structure in Hemudu to the famous "Kanerjing" in Xinjiang. Even today, many regions still rely heavily on groundwater. However, in recent years, concerns over its quality have grown. According to data from the Ministry of Land and Resources, in 2013, nearly 60% of the 4,778 monitoring points across the country reported poor or very poor water quality, raising serious alarms about the state of China’s groundwater.
Despite these troubling figures, some experts argue that the current monitoring system is insufficient. They point out that the number and coverage of monitoring stations are limited, making it difficult to accurately reflect the true condition of groundwater nationwide. This leads to an important question: How accurate is the data we have, and what steps can be taken to truly understand the situation?
Ms. Zhang from Henan recently described the water she drew from her well—cloudy and discolored, with a strange layer on top. “It used to be clear, but now it’s hard to see the bottom of the bucket,†she said. Her experience mirrors the growing concerns among many people who have noticed changes in their local water sources.
According to a plan released by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and other agencies, the North China Plain's groundwater contains harmful substances such as cadmium, chromium, and lead. These findings confirm the real-life struggles of residents facing declining water quality. Wang Wei, an academician at the Chinese Academy of Engineering, explained that while past pollution was mainly inorganic, such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrates, modern contamination includes organic, non-degradable, and toxic substances. Monitoring shows more than 100 harmful substances in the groundwater of Beijing and Hebei.
The 2013 China Land and Resources Bulletin reported that 59.6% of groundwater had poor quality. But does this mean the overall situation is indeed alarming? Zhang Zuochen, deputy director of the China Geological Environment Monitoring Institute, emphasized that relying solely on spot data is not enough. “Without a comprehensive network of monitoring points, we can’t fully understand the groundwater situation,†he said. “We need systematic investigations like hydrogeological mapping to get a clearer picture.â€
As of 2013, there were approximately 16,570 monitoring points nationwide, covering around 1.1 million square kilometers. However, according to Zhang Zuochen, these points are still too few and lack sufficient automation and capacity to meet the needs of development. To address this, the Ministry of Land and Resources and the Ministry of Water Resources jointly proposed a national groundwater monitoring project. Approved in July 2013, the project aims to establish 10,103 new monitoring stations over the next three years.
Once completed, the network will allow for automatic data collection and transmission of water levels, temperature, and quality. This initiative will significantly improve the ability to monitor groundwater across the country, providing timely and accurate information for both scientific research and public use.