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Seven major treatment options for skiing injuries
If you want to go skiing, Xiaobian hopes that you can master more emergency response knowledge and add a protective wall to sports safety. After all, safety is the most important!
First, hypothermia & frostbite
Only when the temperature is controlled at 0°C or below 0°C, can the natural snow or artificial snow in the snowfields not be melted. The temperature is too low, the most likely damage in the ski area is the hypothermia and frostbite.
The body's normal body temperature should be maintained between 36°C and 37°C. If the body temperature drops below 35°C, severe physical damage may result.
In addition, frostbite is most likely to occur in parts that are exposed to the outside for a long time, such as ears, nose, cheeks, hands, or feet in snowshoes. In the excitement of sports, this situation is not serious. I'm afraid that rookie people are stupid, just watching other people crazy, they are indifferent, clothes are not warm enough, shoes and socks are also wet, and blood circulation is not fast enough. Be careful about being frosted.
Symptoms: The skin is cold and pale, the pulse is slow, sometimes irregular, causing visual impairments, unclear or ghosting, drowsiness, or transient unconsciousness are manifestations of hypothermia.
The skin turns white, feels numb and painless and is a precursor to frostbite. Usually the fingertips, toes, auricles, nose, cheeks, and chin are the worst blood circulation in the blood vessels, and they will be frostbite first. When feeling local subcutaneous swelling, press down to feel a hard mass, and then bloom after the white, it is deep frostbite.
Measures: Coping with a person with a hypothermia should immediately transfer the injured person's position, replace the wetted clothing, warm with warm down or wrapped in space wool, and supplement hot sweet drinks. Do not forcibly encourage the injured to do the action, or use the rubbing method to raise body temperature, nor can you relieve the cold feeling by drinking alcohol. Once unconscious, they should be sent to the hospital immediately.
In the case of frostbite, we must immediately leave the low-temperature site, change the wet clothing and footwear, and soak the frosted area with warm water at 40°C to keep it warm with down and space-cotton materials. Can not use the rubbing method to promote the blood circulation of the frostbite, and the soaking water temperature can not be too high, with special attention can not be immediately roasted.
Second, eye injury
Ski equipment must be required for complete ski equipment. Skiers on high-grade slides must use this tool to cope with cold winds. With or without sunlight, the reflection of the snow is very strong. The eyes are completely naked, and it is extremely prone to snow blindness. If the weather is clear, the symptoms of snow blindness will be within a few hours. It is very obvious that the cornea is damaged and affects the normal function of vision. In addition, professional ski goggles can also provide protection if a hard object is poked into the eyes after a fall.
Symptoms: The degree of light snow blindness, the eyes feel itchy, pain, red eyes, like sand into the eyes, photophobia and often cry. The same symptoms may occur if foreign matter enters the eye.
Measures: Do not rub your eyes with your hands. You should pull up the upper eyelid to check if any foreign material has entered your eyes and confirm that there are no eye cuts. In the absence of cuts, clean the eyeball with purified water or eye drops, then cover the eyes with soft medical cotton yarn and close your eyes. Try to avoid all kinds of irritations, use less eyes, wear sunglasses to reduce the visual brightness, symptoms disappear in about 5-7 days.
Third, skin injury
The skin also has nerves, blood vessels, pigment cells, and glands. Naked skin is the first major treatment program for skiing injuries. Blisters, fistulas and bruises usually occur in the epidermis of the skin, lacerations may occur in the dermis, and blood stasis and hematoma occur in the subcutaneous layer.
Scratches and lacerations
Symptoms: The epidermis of the skin is scratched. After the skin is broken, blood or tissue fluid leaks. The wound has a burning sensation as a bruise. The skin is struck by sharp objects and damages the subcutaneous soft tissue. It hurts the dermis and is lacerated. .
Measures: Use sterile gauze to properly apply pressure to the wound to stop bleeding, and borax water is best for disinfection. Or saline may be used instead. Immediately clean the wound, then apply anti-inflammatory ointment or gentian violet, and do not cover it with gauze. The bruise on the face is best cleaned once every two hours to prevent traces of infection. If the weather is too cold, you should also pay attention to keep warm and prevent injured parts from being frostbite.
Lacing can use the same treatment. If the wound is deep and subcutaneous fat and muscle, it should be immediately taken to the hospital for suturing.
Blood stasis and hematoma
Symptoms: Blood leaks from the blood vessels and enters the skin and mucous membranes. It will precipitate beneath the skin. It will appear purple and become a blood clot, causing inflammation of the muscle tissue. The injured area will swell up and it will feel pain. Hematoma is because the blood seeps out of the blood vessels, does not enter the skin or mucous membranes, but accumulates in one place, causing swelling, sometimes very severe, and some blood stasis has to be used to relieve the pain.
Measures: You can use ice to stop bleeding and inflammation. Afterwards, some cells in the body will automatically remove these blood stasis. The wound will gradually turn from purple to yellow-green. After 3 days, heat and massage can be used to relieve pain. 7 days slowly disappeared, no serious problem.
Sports friction injury
Symptoms: The ski boots rented in the ski area are not suitable, and the feet will blisters. The skin has been subjected to long-term friction and pressure, resulting in a gap between the epidermis and the dermis layer. The blood supply cannot keep up and the local cell necrosis is likely to occur. At this time, the tissue fluid enters into and forms a blisters. It feels tingling on the touch, and there is blood in the blisters.
Measure: Replace the unsuitable shoes immediately. If the blisters are not large, wait for it to self-extinguish. After 24 hours, the basic pain is not strong. Skiing injury. Seven major treatment options. , please keep this link! . If the blisters are large and affect normal operations, consider disinfecting the blisters with bactericidal drugs. Then use a sterilized scalpel to cut a small sliver in blisters, use a cotton yarn to squeeze out the liquid, and then apply anti-infective drugs. Cover with gauze.
Fourth, bone damage
Because of lack of exercise or lack of nutrients supply, our bones will make it lack of strength or toughness, and will be subjected to strong external impact or weight load during exercise, and beyond the mechanical tolerance of the bones, it is prone to fracture. Sudden fractures are also caused by fractures or fractures of the flesh because they cannot withstand the impact of external forces. Usually, more women than men are injured, and older people also suffer from bone loss or osteoporosis.
The skeletal injuries that usually occur during exercise are mostly in the lower extremity bones because it needs to bear the weight of the body. The sacrum, sacrum, sacrum, femur, and sacrum are most likely to be injured, and the balance of the spine bones is also susceptible to injury. Skeletal injuries account for more than 10% of sports injuries.
Symptoms: Occurrence of minor fractures may not be noticed in the early stages, but pain is not lost after 2 to 3 weeks. Soft tissue swelling is not noticeable and pain is felt during exercise.
Measures: In addition to eating calcium-rich nutritious foods in daily life, daily exercise is essential to gradually increase the thickness and density of bones in order to better resist external impact. In the event of a fracture, the victim should be immediately supine, not to move blindly, and not to massage or pull on it, because the fracture of the skeleton is likely to damage the surrounding blood vessels, causing bloody sputum and edema, and further increase medical treatment. Difficulty. Immediately after checking the injury site, use a wooden stick, a wooden board, and an elastic bandage to fix the site of injury, learn simple dressings, do prompt hemostasis, and fix it. Immediately afterwards, it should be taken to the hospital to prevent the cracked areas from easily overlapping.
Fifth, muscle injury
Warm-up preparations have not yet been done, they immediately entered the exercise state, the most prone to muscle damage is due to the cold caused by muscle cramps. After entering the ski field, you should not immediately run toward the runway. Instead, you should be able to take a few stretches and earnestly activate the part that is about to be stressed. This makes it more flexible in the movement and is sensitive to the dominance. In addition, because the exercise time is too long, when the muscles are fatigued, lactic acid is continuously produced and it also stimulates muscle spasms. Don't panic when you meet, as long as you gently test and pull the injured muscle in the opposite direction to make it longer, the pain will be relieved.
It is also a common injury that muscle fibers break or bleed due to improper use of force or collision with external violence. The quadriceps (anterior thigh), biceps brachii, and gastrocnemius muscle (calf) are the most prone to muscle strain.
Symptoms: If the muscle is completely broken, the wound is sunken, and the ends are prominent. This time will not feel very painful, rest immediately, after a professional muscle recovery exercise, does not require surgery. If the blood flow is accumulated in the mucous layer due to strain, it will feel pain and it will take longer to recover.
Measures: Muscle injury should be immediately rested, swelling with ice, and raise the affected area. The ski resort should pay special attention to being frostbite, and the time for ice packs should be short. Usually after 2 days, after the pain is not strong, you can simply perform a simple activity, consider the combination of heat and massage, promote blood circulation, absorption of hematoma. After 5 days, gradually increase the exercise of the damaged muscles. Do not exercise too much to make it a second degree of bleeding, and slowly normalize its range of motion and extension.
Sixth, ear injury
Just practicing on the slopes, wrestling is commonplace, and collisions and blows to the ears can cause damage to the outer ear and inner ear. If it is a traumatic injury, first-aid measures should be taken immediately. If the eardrum is injured or fluid flows out of the ear, it should immediately be sent to the hospital to treat the seven major treatment options for skiing injury.
Symptoms: Some parts of the ear are red and swollen, or cut or torn by sharp objects. The most dangerous thing is the outflow of fluid in the ear, or feeling loss of hearing, should be immediately taken to the hospital.
Measures: It is easier to treat ordinary injuries because of the low temperature in the snow field. Ice should be used cautiously and frostbite should not occur again. Those with wounds should first be sterilized with borax, and the laceration should be placed in a correct position, and then sterilized with gauze and bandages. If there is fluid in the ear, do not plug the ear canal with a cotton ball or gauze and go to the hospital immediately.
Seven, joint and ligament injuries
The most common site of joint dislocation is shoulder joints, elbow joints, knee joints, and ankle joints. It is usually accompanied by ligament strain.
There are many foot-legged or sprained knees in the skiing. The elbow and shoulder joint injuries that occur because of a fall are due to be dealt with in time to restore the joints to their original positions.
Symptoms: The joint is subjected to impact or force in an improper direction, causing the joint to disengage from its original position, and the nearby ligament is torn, deformed or distorted, causing redness and pain at the site of the injury.
Measures: The first thing to do is to judge whether the sprain is a simple ligament sprain or a fracture or dislocation. The degree of ligament injury alone is divided into mild and severe injuries. The so-called severe ligament injury refers to the loss of ligament function, complete rupture, and the joints are not normally released. This situation requires that the ligament be connected to the hospital. Mild injuries will be cured immediately after 3 to 5 weeks of rest.
If the joint is dislocated, it will be better if it can be reset in a mild range of motion. Immediately fix the injury and restore it completely to its original position. In the first 3 days, use ice to reduce inflammation, and then use heat.