The cable fault locator is a comprehensive cable fault detection instrument that can test the high-impedance flashover fault of the cable, high and low resistance grounding, short circuit and cable breakage, poor contact and other faults. The cable fault locator is equipped with a sounding legal point meter, which is the precise location that can be used to accurately determine the point of failure. Particularly suitable for testing power cables and communication cables of various models and voltages Detection method The cable fault locator uses a variety of detection methods to apply the most advanced electronic technology achievements. Using computer technology and microelectronic technology, it has the characteristics of high intelligence, complete functions, wide range of use, accurate test and convenient use. Locator design The detection of aircraft cable faults is very important in civil aviation locomotives; according to the characteristics of aircraft cables, a low-voltage pulse method is proposed, which can effectively test and diagnose them, and the aircraft cable is designed by using single-chip microcomputer and CPLD technology. Defect detection and positioning device; the locator is mainly composed of three parts, namely: signal acquisition circuit, system control circuit, human-computer interaction circuit; at the same time, using two sets of vibrating, not only ensures high-speed signal acquisition, but also meets the low speed of the system. Processing, low cost, light and dexterous, accurate test, etc.; at the same time, in addition to aircraft cable maintenance, it can be further applied to short-distance cable test defect detection in telecommunications, electric power and other departments. working principle Cable fault locator The power cable fault tester consists of three main parts: the power cable fault tester host, the cable fault locator, and the cable path meter. The cable fault tester host is used to measure the nature of the cable fault, the full length and the approximate location of the cable fault point from the test end. The cable fault location meter determines the exact location of the cable fault point based on the approximate location of the cable fault tester host to determine the cable fault point. For buried cables with unknown directions, a path meter is used to determine the underground direction of the cable. The basic method for testing the power cable fault is to generate a breakdown at the cable fault point by applying a high voltage pulse to the faulty power cable, and generate electromagnetic waves and simultaneously emit sound while discharging the cable fault breakdown point. Arc reflection method (Secondary pulse method) The working principle of the application in cable fault location: firstly apply a high voltage pulse of a certain voltage level and a certain energy to the faulty cable at the test end of the cable, so that the high-resistance fault point of the cable breaks down. . At the same time, a low-voltage pulse for measurement is added to the test end, and when the measurement pulse reaches the high-resistance fault point of the cable, an arc is encountered and a reflection occurs on the surface of the arc. Due to the arcing, the high-resistance fault becomes an instantaneous short-circuit fault, and the low-voltage measurement pulse will undergo a significant impedance characteristic change, so that the waveform of the flashover measurement becomes a low-voltage pulse short-circuit waveform, making the waveform discrimination particularly simple and clear. This is what we call the "secondary pulse method". The received low-voltage pulse reflection waveform is equivalent to a waveform in which the core is completely short-circuited to ground. When the high voltage pulse is released and the low voltage pulse waveform obtained when the high voltage pulse is not released is superimposed, the two waveforms have a divergence point, which is the reflection waveform point of the fault point. This approach combines low-voltage pulsed and high-voltage flashover techniques to make it easier for testers to determine the location of the fault. Compared with the traditional test method, the advanced principle of the secondary pulse method is to simplify the complex waveform in the impact high-voltage flashover method to the simplest low-voltage pulse short-circuit fault waveform, so the interpretation is extremely simple, and the fault distance can be accurately calibrated. Cubic pulse method The double-impact method is used to prolong the arcing time and stabilize the arc, which can easily locate high-resistance faults and flashover faults. The three-pulse method is advanced in technology, simple in operation, clear in waveform, fast and accurate in positioning, and has become the mainstream positioning method for high-resistance faults and flashover faults. The three-pulse method is an upgrade of the second-pulse method by first measuring the reflected waveform of the low-voltage pulse without breaking through the fault point of the cable under test, and then using the high-voltage pulse to break the fault point of the cable to generate an arc. When the arc voltage drops to a certain value, the medium voltage pulse is triggered to stabilize and extend the arc time, and then the low voltage pulse is sent to obtain the reflection waveform of the fault point. After the two waveforms are superimposed, the divergence point is also the position corresponding to the fault point. Since the medium voltage pulse is used to stabilize and extend the arc time, it is easier to obtain the fault point waveform than the second pulse method. Compared with the secondary pulse method, since the three-pulse method does not select the synchronization duration of the arc, the operation is also simple. Related applications In the power industry and some industries that use cables, it is very difficult to find faults in underground cable lines in some complex power systems. However, in this respect, versatile and easy-to-operate equipment is constantly appearing, which not only reduces the high cost of detecting faults, but also reduces the inevitable long-term power outage when it is difficult to find cable faults, which brings a lot of convenience to troubleshooting. Direct buried cable Detecting faults in underground direct buried cables and underground residential power distribution (URD) ​​systems is a very time consuming task and can cause very inconvenient power outages to the user, and some techniques can also damage the cable. For some equipment with high technical requirements, the operation is more complicated and can only be used by highly trained operators, which brings a lot of inconvenience to the promotion and application of such technical equipment. Therefore, the selection of the appropriate technology depends, in part, on the knowledge of the cable system design that the designer of the fault detector knows, and in part depends on the technical knowledge of the equipment and the operator. With the right equipment and expertise in the field, it's the first step to quickly and efficiently detect faults. Hammer pulse method Many power companies use the hammer (pulse) method. This technique is most effective in detecting high resistance faults in a simple cable system. The hammering method involves using a pulse or surge voltage to strike a power-off cable. When an effective high-voltage pulse hits the fault area, the fault point flashes and produces an audible hammering sound transmitted along the cable surface by the operator. . However, detecting cable faults often requires several hammerings, and multiple repeated shocks can damage the cable. However, according to Dennis Minier, a manager of electrical installation and maintenance at the Seattle Lighting Company in the United States, because this method is simple and easy, they have been using hammering to detect cable faults. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is a low voltage arc reflection technique that is shown by varying the resulting pulse reflections on the cable structure. This pulse reflection is recorded on the screen of the TDR and compared to the characteristic pattern (characteristic pattern performed and recorded before the fault) or the characteristic pattern made by the sound phase on the same cable line. The distance of the fault point is determined by the pattern scattering point. The TDR method is one of the most effective methods for detecting low resistance faults. The problem is that graphical analysis of TDR requires trained and experienced operators to perform analytical operations. High-impedance faults and complex systems require equipment with higher energy levels. Some methods of high voltage arc reflection, such as digital arc reflection and differential arc reflection, require extraordinary equipment and rigorously trained operator operations. Arc reflection method Due to the complexity of the arc reflection method, the hammering method is still the most versatile application technology. This technique is relatively simple, requires no extraordinary instruments, and does not require skilled analysts. The new instrument is versatile and can be used to minimize potential damage to the cable. The use of pulses on the cable is as short as possible, and the efficiency of fault detection can be improved, which is the goal pursued by many power companies. In underground buried cables and simple underground residential distribution systems, there are currently two devices that can achieve both of these goals. Fast fault detector One device was developed by the American Electric Power Research Association in Palo Alto, Calif., called the Fast Fault Detector (FFF). This FFF detects the waveform emitted by the fault when the cable first ignites before the loop is de-energized, and the captured waveform is processed and stored in the FFF monitor, which is usually connected to the URD system. Break point. This device has two sensors to monitor transient faults on both sides of a loop. When a fault occurs, the time interval between the two transient peaks gives the distance to the fault point. FFF works automatically and does not require rigorously trained operators. This inexpensive device can be installed in the URD circuit as a permanent monitoring device to detect faults. Or the device can be used as a probing tool after a fault has occurred. Since the device is subjected to a one-time shock with a cable voltage rating or a voltage pulse lower than the rated value after the failure, and the discharge is performed only once, the chance of cable damage is minimized. Each single-phase open-radiation or toroidal loop requires only one FFF, while the 3-phase system requires one device per phase, and the fault location information can be sent to the power company headquarters for quick response via the RS-232 interface. Remote control communication computer center. 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