With the advancement of technology and the development of the market, China's printing industry has made great progress in recent years: the four major printing methods have developed unequally. Post-press binding linkage automation and color desktop publishing systems have been widely used. The openness and digitization of the document processing system have become the basic features of the prepress system. Direct plate-making technology and digital printing have become the development direction of the printing and publishing industry. The environmental protection laws and regulations related to the printing industry are constantly improving ... However, compared with the internationally developed regions, there is still a big gap between the research and development and production of printing equipment, the environmental pollution problems of printing workshops, and the environmental problems of printing consumables, especially printing inks with the largest amount of consumption. The development of China's printing industry has brought huge challenges and opportunities. For printing consumables, especially printing inks, the development and production of various new materials that meet the requirements of environmental protection is a huge opportunity. Fortunately, in the field of printing inks, the transformation of the original formulas, production processes, raw materials, drying methods, etc. have now been mentioned on the agenda. The domestic printing workshop environment is not optimistic At present, in China, the inks used in the printing process are basically solvent-based inks. The organic volatiles of these solvent-based inks are not processed and discharged directly into the workshop air, which not only has a certain impact on the production environment, but also on the health of workers. There will be great harm. This is because these solvent-based inks contain 50-60% of organic volatile substances. In addition, in the actual production process, the diluent required to adjust the viscosity of the ink is usually added. Then when the printed matter is dried, the ink emits The total content of volatile components is even as high as 70-80%. According to a recent study by the author, the benzene compounds in these printing plants are seriously exceeding the standard, the specific values ​​are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Monitoring results of benzene series in the air of printing workshops surveyed from 2003 to 2004 Monitoring items, monitoring the number of manufacturers, monitoring and measuring average (mg / m3) Benzene 16 22.13 Toluene 16 420.33 Xylene 16 105.62 According to the requirements of national standards, the maximum allowable concentration of benzene in industrial workshops is 10mg / m3, toluene is 100mg / m3, and xylene is 100mg / m3. The average concentration of benzene in these printing plants exceeds 2.2 times the national standard, and toluene exceeds 4.2 times the national standard The average concentration of xylene also exceeds national standards. From a medical point of view, this will cause irreversible damage to the health of printing workers. In addition, in the actual production, in addition to the natural volatilization of the solvent, the printing environment is affected by failures in the ink application, such as the "flying ink" phenomenon that has plagued the printing industry for many years. The ink flying phenomenon is because the ink film between the ink rollers is split and stretched when the printing machine rotates at a high speed, resulting in fragments. Under the action of the surface tension of the ink, these fragments shrink, forming numerous spherical fine ink droplets scattered in the air , The so-called flying ink phenomenon. The greater harm caused by the flying ink phenomenon in the printing process is mainly manifested in the following aspects: pollution to the environment, adverse effects on product quality, and long-term damage to human health. In addition, the latest research results show that exceeding the standard of other heavy metals in actual production will also lead to the deterioration of the printing environment and even affect the health of operators. In short, the discharge of harmful gases, the use of harmful liquids and solids and the discharge of waste in the printing industry all pose a serious threat to human health and the living environment. This environmental issue will not only involve the future of human civilization, but also the survival and development of the enterprise. Therefore, we must consider the environmental protection issues of the printing industry and formulate practical and effective measures. Relevant current foreign measures are worthy of reference In foreign countries, in order to limit pollution, some countries have formulated a series of regulations such as the “Labor Hygiene Law†and “Organic Solvent Discharge Lawâ€. These laws and regulations determine the research and development direction of printing production process and ink. Under the pressure of these environmental laws, research departments and manufacturers in the foreign printing industry have to research and develop solvent-free inks, that is, non-volatile or less volatile inks. European and American countries passed volatile organic solvent (VOC) laws related to environmental protection around the 1990s. The VOC law requires printing plants and ink manufacturers to meet the following requirements: there should be no smell of organic solvents outside the workshop; in the workshop, the concentration of volatile substances must be less than 50mg / m3 (VOC), 100mg / m3 (CO ) And 100mg / m3 (NO). Although this strict environmental protection law is now only adopted in European and American countries, sooner or later it will become the benchmark for environmental protection laws of countries around the world. For most domestic manufacturers (including printing plants and printing consumable manufacturers), this legal requirement is currently difficult to meet. But through hard work, the author believes that the following problems can be solved at present: * Promote the use of ink cleaning agents; * Develop new alcohol-free fountain solution suitable for high-speed rotary offset printing machine for offset printing; * Strictly inspect the components contained in the ink, and can not use pigments containing harmful heavy metals to produce ink, to ensure that workers are not harmed by heavy metals, while further improving the quality of the ink and reducing the generation of flying ink; * Some harmful substances are recycled by recycling device; * Install a solvent recovery device on the rotary gravure printing machine to reduce the emission of VOC emissions; * Use ink (water-based ink) or UV-curable ink as the solvent in gravure, flexo and screen printing as much as possible, which may reduce VOC problems and also reduce the alcohol content in water-based ink as much as possible ( Usually contains 5% alcohol). [page] In the production and development of inks, in order to meet the requirements of VOC laws, Western countries have made great improvements in ink formulations and drying systems. The more commonly used inks today are in the following categories, which is what I believe. New direction of research and development of printing inks. A. Radiation curing ink In fact, UV-curable inks have been developed as early as the 1940s, but they have not been greatly developed until the last 20 years. Since the ink contains no solvents and no VOC problems, the printing process is environmentally friendly. However, UV-curable inks cost more and the use process is more complicated than conventional inks. UV curing inks are environmentally friendly and fast. This is due to the use of reactive diluents (monomers) to adjust the viscosity of the ink. The volatile organic compound components in the reactive diluents are very low, and the advantages of environmental protection are very prominent compared to ordinary ink ; Compared with water-based ink, water-based ink mainly uses water as a diluent, the drying speed is relatively slow, and the drying speed of UV curing ink is very fast. Because it does not contain volatile components, such as solvents or water, it does not change the color and printing characteristics. During the printing process, UV-curable inks are easy to maintain the stability of color and viscosity. Once the ink color is adjusted before printing, the adjustment workload on the printing machine is very small, and no additional additives are needed. When the printing machine is stopped halfway, the ink on the ink roller and the anilox roller will not dry and crust. The surface of the dried UV ink layer has extremely high abrasion resistance and chemical stability, and has high hiding power and gloss. UV technology can bring higher economic benefits, such as increased output, shortened delivery time, space saving, bright color printing quality, high image clarity, etc. Whether from the perspective of environmental protection or technical development, UV ink has its own advantages Broader application prospects. Generally speaking, UV-curable inks are not only used in lithographic printing. It can be applied to various traditional printing methods, including relief printing, lithographic printing, screen printing, etc. Advertising inkjet inks have also begun to use UV curing technology. Therefore, the range of printing with UV technology is very wide, such as paper printing, plastic printing, tape printing, circuit board printing, electronic parts printing, metal surface printing, aluminum foil surface printing, etc. Also includes a variety of special packaging printing inks that can produce special effects for decoration, such as: UV matte ink, UV ice flower ink, UV foam ink, UV wrinkle ink, UV emboss ink, UV gem ink, UV varnish and many more. If the surface of the substrate with metal mirror gloss is printed with UV ink on the surface using a screen printing process, after being irradiated with ultraviolet drying equipment, it can produce a unique visual effect, which is elegant, solemn and luxurious, mainly It is used for high-end and exquisite and chic packaging and printing of cigarettes, wine, cosmetics, health care products, food, medicine and so on. From a production point of view, there are not many manufacturers that can produce UV-curable inks in China, especially high-end UV-curable inks are scarce. Many high-end users choose imported inks for high-end printing operations. This is also a new direction for the development of domestic ink manufacturers. If a domestic manufacturer has research and production in this regard, then he will open up new market space, and it also has great market potential. Continued improvement of existing UV inks is also one of the challenges facing the industry. This includes improving the curing speed, how to solve the adhesion, how to solve the contradiction between the hardness and flexibility of the ink film, how to meet the printability of various printing processes, and so on. In addition, water-based UV-curable inks are at the forefront of this field, and there are very few domestic manufacturers involved in this field. B. Water-based ink Water-based inks are printing inks made with water-soluble resin as the binder and mainly made of water. They have long been used in flexo, gravure, and screen printing. Recently, they have also been applied to waterless offset printing. In foreign countries, water-based flexo ink has been widely used in newspaper printing, and water-based gravure ink has also begun to replace solvent-based inks, but this trend shows signs of slowing down. The environmental performance of ink is unquestionable, and some international large companies require the use of ink as printing ink. For ink, study various formulas to achieve the best printing suitability, meet the various resistance requirements of the final printed product, minimize the production cost of ink, develop new water-based resin binders, or even develop A new additive, etc., has become a new topic of research and development at home and abroad. For the various problems in the existing ink, such as the wetting performance of the pigment, the grinding and dispersion of the pigment during production, the storage stability of the ink (no layering, precipitation, or flocculation), the ink in the printing process during the printing process The problem of rapid drying and adhesion on materials (especially non-absorbent plastics and metal surfaces), the problem of dilution of ink, etc. are still being solved. As far as China is concerned, at present, high-end inks are basically occupied by imported inks, and some manufacturers in China produce some low-end inks. In other words, the development and production of ink painting is still in its infancy in China. Both developers and manufacturers are promising, because there are huge business opportunities implied here. C. Vegetable oil based ink In this field, it is mainly the application of soybean oil-based ink in offset printing newspaper ink. For the latest ink technology, there is also a lot of work to be done in the research and development of traditional inks, such as: the further improvement of the resin binder in the traditional offset ink; the further improvement of the brightness without affecting the drying; the further use of environmentally friendly soybean oil-based rotary offset ink Improvement; improve the color of offset printing ink, make the ink film more vivid and so on. In addition, the ink used in waterless offset printing also needs to be further improved and developed. Although water has replaced vegetable oil and mineral oil as the solvent in waterless offset printing ink, water-based offset printing ink has been developed, but this technology It is in the initial research stage. In addition, there are research and development of various special inks, such as conductive ink, magnetic ink, lottery cover ink, passive luminous ink and so on. In short, with the progress of the times and the development of technology, the printing industry and ink production industry will face a series of new challenges. At the same time, these new challenges will also bring new opportunities for the printing ink industry, relying on technology to continuously develop new inks to better adapt to new needs, create better printed products, and promote printing enterprises, as well as the entire Further development of the industry.
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