Current Status and Prospects of Non-metallic Minerals and Deep Processing Industry in China

Although it is difficult for ordinary people to get a deeper understanding of graphene or infinite reverie through a few minutes of advertising, this mysterious and cold material has entered the society as a whole, unconsciously, at an unprecedented speed.

"In addition to not being able to eat directly, graphene can be used in any field or any product." This ritual expresses the understanding of the whole people about this new material that is stripped from graphite and has a single layer with only one carbon atom thickness.

Speaking of graphene, we must talk about graphite. In fact, this non-metallic mineral has always been around us, but we know very little about it.

The reason why the pencil can leave a handwriting on the paper is the role played by the graphite sheet peeled off from the graphite. But what we didn't expect was that when we were writing with a pencil, this seemingly ordinary graphite also unwittingly created new materials that could change the world. Scientists have stripped out a "slice" of the smallest limit (the theoretical thickness is only 0.34 nm, which is about one-twentieth of the hair diameter) in the graphite structure. This is the magical graphene.

Not only graphite, some people say that non-metallic materials and products are as mysterious and strange as black holes in the eyes of most people. As everyone knows, many non-metallic materials are a must-have item for all human beings.

The main component of the paper contains kaolin; diatomaceous earth is the essential mineral raw material for toothpaste, the cosmetics, exfoliating cream, scrub, etc. commonly used by girls, and the main raw materials are also extracted from diatomaceous earth; The cat litter used by people is actually high-quality granulated bentonite. Bentonite can even be used as a food additive and a common material for calcium and diet foods...

But if you think that these non-metallic materials are only used in everyday products, it is a big mistake. Like graphite, hundreds of proven minerals in the world's more than 1,500 non-metallic minerals are known to have the magic of “changing human life and social development”.

"In terms of value and function, many non-metallic minerals can compete with gold, even more than gold, and have higher value. It is a raw material for a tube of toothpaste, large enough to make satellite ships, precision. Instruments, it can be said that without non-metallic minerals and their innovative products through deep processing, there will be no appearance of today's human society, and there will be no future prospects for all mankind." This is a senior industry expert. A brilliant summary of metal materials.

However, for the non-metallic mining industry in China, in the face of the conclusion that “value is like gold”, it is more of a feeling of miscellaneous feelings and uncontrollable embarrassment...

The underestimated shortcomings of the industrial building materials industry

Regarding minerals that non-metallic minerals are called "golden value", there is a summary in an official document: non-metallic mineral products are not only widely used in building materials, metallurgy, chemicals, transportation, machinery, light industry, etc. In the traditional industry, and in the high-tech industries such as electronic information, biomedicine, new energy, new materials, aerospace and other high-tech industries, there are broad potential markets, most of which are essential materials for military and national defense. At the same time, they are also effective in protecting the environment and ecological construction. Cheap materials.

However, searching for relevant media reports on the non-metallic mineral industry for many years, the “undervalued industry” is the most evaluated by the major media for the non-metallic mineral industry.

The development of China's non-metallic mineral industry started in the 1950s and was founded according to the former Soviet Union model. The name of the non-metallic mines in the building materials industry also followed this model.

When China's non-metallic mining industry has just started, the development of the international non-metallic mineral industry has entered a stage of in full swing.

Non-metallic minerals are commonly referred to internationally as "industrial minerals." In the 1950s, the output value of non-metallic minerals in the world exceeded the output value of metal minerals. In some industrialized countries, the output value of non-metallic minerals even exceeded that of metal mines by two to three times. Non-metallic minerals became the most widely used and the largest amount of applications. Develop the most promising mineral resources.

At present, there are about 1,500 types of non-metallic minerals discovered in nature. About 250 kinds of non-metallic minerals have been used in the industry in the world. The annual mining volume is about 35 billion tons. The output value of raw ore and primary processed products has reached more than 300 billion. In the US dollar, the output value of some European and American countries is even two to three times higher.

At present, there are 93 kinds of non-metallic minerals with proven reserves in China, about 50% of which are used by industry, and the annual mining volume is about 10 billion tons. In 2012, the output value of raw ore and primary processed products was about 520 billion yuan. Before and after 2015, there was a significant decline. China's mining industry suffered almost all losses, and the non-metallic mining industry also inevitably entered a period of difficult operation.

Throughout the development track of China's non-metallic mineral industry for more than 60 years, as in other industries, China's non-metallic mineral industry experienced a short period of stagnation in the 1970s, and along with the process of reform and opening up, it has a certain momentum of development.

It is worth mentioning that in 1983, as one of the two central enterprises in the building materials industry, the establishment of China Non-Metallic Mining Industry Company is an important symbol of the development of China's non-metallic mineral industry. This is the predecessor of Sinoma Group. In the initial stage of the development of China's non-metallic mineral industry, China-Africa companies have played a big role, absorbing many professionals and investing a lot of research and development.

In the 1990s, China has become a big country in non-metallic mining, and has emerged the slogan of moving toward a strong country. The industry has begun to train senior talents in applied mineralogy and mineral materials science, such as China University of Geosciences and China University of Mining and Technology. Associated institutions of higher learning have opened master's and doctoral degrees in mineral materials science, mineral materials engineering, and mineral processing engineering. The integrated platform for production, education and research has taken shape.

However, after entering the new century, the development of China's non-metallic mineral industry has shown obvious lack of stamina. After Sinoma Group turned more power into the field of cement-based bulk building materials, the latecomers of non-metallic mining enterprises obviously lacked the strength and heritage of large state-owned enterprises, mostly small and medium-sized private enterprises, more than 80% Non-metallic mineral products come from township enterprises and individual enterprises. Most of these enterprises have unclear resources and insufficient funds, which leads to the stagnation or even backwardness of development technology and processing technology, and the recovery rate of resource selection is relatively low.

At present, according to statistics, there are more than 80,000 non-metallic mineral enterprises in China, and about 1.2 million related employees. Such a huge enterprise capacity can not find several leading enterprises with innovative research and development capabilities and leading influence.

Therefore, from our comparison with the world's industry, we can see that there is always a considerable gap between the development of China's non-metallic mineral industry and the international industry.

“The best example is the protection and deep processing of graphite resources. Most of the current mining and utilization of graphite in China is to mine the graphite ore and sell it to Japan at a very low price. After deep processing in Japan, China will raise raw materials higher. More than 1,000 times the price is imported from Japan. The large amount of rare earth resources in Jiangxi, Hunan and other places in China is also due to such a development and utilization model." Jiang Minglin, a senior counsel of the State Council and a senior expert in the industry, was deeply impressed in an interview.

Even in China's entire building materials field, China's non-metallic minerals and products, there are also obvious gaps. Jiang Minglin said sharply: China's original building materials include construction materials and products, non-metallic minerals and products, inorganic non-metallic new materials, the three major categories are currently unbalanced development, building materials and products are far from the development level Higher than the other two types of products. Non-metallic minerals and products are currently in very small quantities, many of which are still in the experimental stage, with no formation of industry and output value, and no integration with other industries to form high value-added results.

Looking at the development history and current situation of China's non-metallic mineral industry, Jiang Minglin's use of the "short board of building materials industry" to sum up is not an exaggeration. If non-metallic minerals have golden value, then our development and application is obviously a gloomy “squatting place”.

"Vulnerable groups" lying on the "gold mine"

In fact, China is a country with rich non-metallic mineral resources in the world. Relatively speaking, we have many varieties and large reserves. Among the proven non-metallic minerals, graphite, bentonite, coal kaolin, fluorite, talc, Quartz and other 9 categories of reserves rank among the top three in the world.

Rich non-metallic mineral resources, the distribution of areas is also relatively broad. At present, the regional distribution of key mineral resources planned has spread throughout the north and south. For example, crystalline graphite resources are mainly distributed in Heilongjiang and Shandong; Guangxi and Shaanxi have a large amount of kaolin resources; bentonite resources are mainly distributed in Guangxi and Xinjiang; Jiangxi has more than 1 billion tons of black talc resources, Jiangxi Guangfeng County is also known as the “black talc capital”; the proven quartz reserves in Shaxian County of Fujian Province exceed 50 million tons; Guangxi is the gathering place of calcium carbonate...

However, looking at these non-metallic mineral resources-rich regions, there are few provinces and cities that are truly pillar-based industries with non-metallic mineral development and deep processing.

Three years ago, the reporter had talked with a person in the industry in Jiangxi. He said that there is a large amount of black talc resources in Jiangxi, but a large amount of resources have been sold to foreign countries for a long time idle or low-priced, but the local area has not really developed. And the ability to process. Seeing that these golden resources are being exported at low prices or even wasted, for those who are deeply involved in the huge use of talc and the vast market, it is really "anxious to open their minds."

As an advantageous development area for the graphite industry, Heilongjiang Province has indeed focused on cultivating and vigorously building in recent years. According to a person from the graphite industry in Heilongjiang, he has been as optimistic as many people in the industry that Heilongjiang is making it easy to build the graphite industry as a new pillar industry, but not long ago, they conducted an in-depth study of the industry. Later, I discovered that there are too many knots and problems in the industry. These problems and problems are long-standing legacy of history, and they have not been found to be effectively solved in time. The accumulation of problems has become increasingly complicated and severe.

Some experts pointed out that if the reasons for the lag in the development of non-metallic minerals in China are multiple and complicated, both subjective and objective, then the root cause lies in the abundant resources.

The so-called "success and failure is also Xiaohe", the rich resources for a long time lack of planning mining mechanism and the power of innovative research and development, so that everyone is lying on the "gold mine" all the time, doing nothing, for the sake of personal gain through the low-end means to generate resources, the industry for a long time Instead, it became a "vulnerable group."

According to relevant statistics, at present, 50% of state-owned mines in non-metallic mines distributed in various regions in China, and more than 90% of resources in townships and individual mines are unknown. Therefore, there are a large number of blind mining in the industry, and the phenomenon of ultra-low-cost outflow However, most of the relevant government departments in the region lacked attention, and even many relevant regional leaders did not know anything about it. Over the long term, it has gradually formed a history that is difficult to eradicate.

Adhere to the "problem-oriented" or the first lesson of industrial development

If asked what is the most lacking in China's non-metallic mineral industry, many industry experts have given the same answer. In the face of rich mineral resources, the most lacking in China's non-metallic mineral industry is the technological innovation of deep processing and equipment manufacturing. ability. This is also the subject of urgent breakthrough and solution in the whole industry in the future.

However, this is not a simple subject, and its complexity can be described as intricate, and the legacy of history is like a nine-ring chain. Therefore, some experts have been alert: from now on, from the government to the association to the enterprise, if they can not form a joint force, and do not come up with hard measures and measures, this will likely become a "no solution."

The first step in solving the problem is to be able to face and face the existing problems objectively and then to analyze and find ideas and ways.

Then, why does China's non-metallic mineral industry become a "golden land"?

First of all, due to the rapid development of the bulk building materials industry, which is dominated by cement glass, in the early stage of reform and opening up, many state-owned building materials companies have turned a lot of energy into this field. For the non-metallic minerals with relatively small volume and not prominent market demand, the original state-owned and large non-metallic mining enterprises are slowly losing and transforming.

The rich non-metallic mineral resources in the case that the relevant state departments have not paid attention to it for a long time, just like the wasteland without any repair and decoration, state-owned enterprises have successively withdrawn, and a large number of small and medium-sized towns and individual enterprises have developed with the trend, a large part of which Weeds generally grow, and many non-metallic ore resources are gradually in the hands of a large number of private small mine owners and small processing plant owners. The situation of small, scattered and poor has become the biggest flaw in the industry.

Wang Wenli, full-time vice president of China Non-Metallic Mining Industry Association, analyzed in an interview. 30 years ago, with the rise of state-owned enterprises such as China-Africa companies, they had strong capital and strong research and development awareness, and built some superior talents. Cultivate the platform. In fact, in the 1980s and 1990s, China had a number of high-end technical talents for non-metallic mineral deep processing and equipment manufacturing technology research and development capabilities. However, as enterprises have transformed, these talents have flowed into small and medium-sized private enterprises or simply run their own companies. In the long-term vicious competition of low-end competition, many people's thinking and consciousness are limited and restrained, and even completely abandon the technology they have mastered, deviate from the track of research and development, and become a small workshop owner or small mine owner who draws low-end profits.

Therefore, how to optimize the industrial structure and intensify efforts to cultivate a group-oriented modern leading enterprise is the first major issue in the industry's return to a benign development track.

Secondly, precisely because of the loss of state-owned enterprises and the flooding of low-end enterprises, the fact that a large number of talents became mediocrity in the face of interests has not been enough to attract the attention of the state at the time, which has made the non-metallic mineral industry in China lack the training of new talents for a long time. Follow-up, causing a certain degree of talent disruption, resulting in the industry's deep processing and equipment manufacturing capabilities and levels have a cliff-style retrogression.

Therefore, how to re-establish the talent incubator for non-metallic mineral deep processing and equipment manufacturing, and re-establish the integration platform of industry, education and research is also the key to industrial development.

Moreover, the loss of large enterprises and the shortage of talents have made the rich non-metallic mineral resources gradually in the hands of individual mine owners. The situation of low-cost selling of minerals has almost become the norm. There are still a lot of idle and undeveloped mineral resources everywhere. The oasis of erosion has lost its original style and color.

To solve this problem, we should start from the top-level design, systematically conduct a systematic survey and planning of the country's mineral resources through a series of industrial policies, and establish a standardization mechanism for exploration and mining through mandatory means and measures to curb the private mining owners. Resources are sold as personal wealth, sold at low prices and exported overseas.

Du Gaoxiang, an associate professor at China University of Geosciences and vice chairman of the China Green Building Materials Industry Development Alliance, expressed his eagerness with three “must”: “If China’s non-metallic mineral industry wants to achieve real development, it must pay attention to basic research work and must increase its efforts. In order to cultivate new talents, we must increase investment in R&D and innovation. In the past, our industry’s investment in innovation and R&D in the past year was not as much as that invested by a foreign company, and it was not even able to reach one billion a year. This situation continues. Going down, our talents will really have a huge break, and R&D innovation is also more than enough."

In addition, although the development of the non-metallic mineral industry is slow relative to the bulk building materials industry, the development trend of overcapacity is not inferior to the traditional building materials industry. The industrial structure is irrational, the product variety is single, the grade is low, the repeated construction is serious, the environmental pollution is intensified, and the homogenized low-end products are flooding the market. The tumors have not converged due to the bleakness of “squatting”, and there is even a tendency to spread.

It is understood that the actual operating rate of a large number of minerals is only 50% to 60%, especially in the past few years, the traditional industrial downturn, the market demand for non-metallic mineral products is not prosperous, resulting in a large number of corporate arrears, accounts receivable The money is huge, the liquidity is extremely short, and the vicious competition in the low-end market is increasing.

If the non-metallic mineral industry as a whole is a "short board" for the building materials industry to be developed, if the problem of overcapacity in the industry is not taken seriously, it cannot be contained. Perhaps this "board" will become shorter and shorter. . For the non-metallic mining industry, while the supply side reforms complement the shortcomings, it is also necessary to plan and deploy the capacity.

Of course, the reasons that affect the development of China's non-metallic mineral industry are not limited to these points. There are still many factors intertwined, but the above points can be said to be the biggest obstacles and gaps that need to be filled. An industry expert said: China's non-metallic mineral industry should adhere to the "problem-oriented", starting with the most restrictive development problems, from national policy to implementation implementation, and even some mechanisms to establish and policy formulation, need to Starting from scratch, build a paving stone for industrial development, gradually fill this piece of “golden land” with huge market space, restore the true “oasis style”, and gradually open the process of transforming the non-metallic mineral industry from a big country to a strong country.

Development of a “squatting land” or a key to the transformation of the building materials industry

The sentence that Wang Wenli said in the interview made the reporter impressed. It can be seen from the laws governing the development of the global non-metallic mineral industry that the development of the non-metallic mineral industry is directly related to its industrialization process. In the initial stage of industrialization, the traditional building materials industry will develop rapidly. When industrialization develops to a relatively mature and developed stage, entering the post-industrial era, the importance of the non-metallic mineral industry will become increasingly apparent, and it may even become a country in this Pillar industries in the field.

"Objectively speaking, the importance of non-metallic minerals in the early stage of industrial development may not be so obvious, because this industry can be used in the field of application, it can do everything, but more is to assist and promote. In the initial stage of industrialization, basic needs are met. Only when the level of industrialization reaches a relatively mature stage, the country has rich economic strength and innovative ability. The people have passed the stage of food and clothing, and need to enhance their rich life in higher fields and levels. The quality and non-metallic mineral industry will play its huge and important role."

This is like the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China. To solve the problem of food and clothing for ordinary people, there is clothing and food. Since the reform and opening up, the people's living standards have been greatly improved. The supply of food and clothing has been unable to satisfy people's desire and pursuit of high-quality life. Personalized daily necessities with various high-tech contents have become the goal and direction pursued by people. Functional, high-end materials, technology, and supplies have become the mainstream consumer demand.

The role of non-metallic minerals in the entire building materials field is an expression and expression of a country's leapfrogging to higher levels and higher areas in terms of economic strength, cutting-edge technology research and development capabilities and quality of life.

In the 16th year of the new century, China has already completed the initial stage of industrialization. The goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way in 2020 is to open up countless high-level, personalized market spaces and stages. As with the development of all high-tech materials, the development of the non-metallic mineral industry is also bound to become a mirror and a banner to show the national strength, technology level and quality of life.

Fortunately, from the national level to some areas with advantageous resources, from industry associations to leading-edge enterprises, they have generated a strong resonance and sparked sparks. Strengthening the development of non-metallic mineral industry and strengthening the R&D and innovation capabilities of non-metallic mineral deep processing and equipment manufacturing have become the consensus of the current industry and society.

The General Office of the State Council has clearly stated in the “Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Stable Growth of the Building Materials Industry to Increase the Structure and Increase the Benefits” (the State Council issued Circular No. 34), which requires clear graphite, kaolin, bentonite, diatomaceous earth, etc. Focusing on the deep processing of non-metallic minerals, we will increase our efforts in mineral homogenization, purification, ultra-fine grinding, grading and grading, surface modification, etc., and vigorously develop non-metallic minerals for energy-saving fireproofing, filling coating, Mineral functional materials for environmental protection, energy storage and insulation.

The introduction of this policy is like a kind of cardiotonic agent, which has completely awakened the non-metallic mineral industry that has been sleeping for many years. The competent departments of the raw materials department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology set out to plan and plan the target tasks and work deployment of several major non-metallic minerals that are currently under development. At the inaugural meeting of the China Green Building Materials Industry Development Alliance, which was established in April this year, Xin Guobin, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Zhou Changyi, Director of the Raw Materials Department, expressed their clear attitude and firm belief in vigorously developing the non-metallic mineral industry. The China Graphite Industry Development Alliance, approved by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, was subsequently established in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province. This means that Heilongjiang Province must fully develop the graphite industry and must embark on a formal fast lane. No matter how big the difficulties and problems, it should face up and concentrate. Increase efforts to resolve.

In the situation of overcapacity represented by cement and coal in Heilongjiang Province, the development of graphite industry can be described as an important breakthrough and transformation, which not only plays an important role in promoting the revitalization of the old industrial bases in Northeast China, but also other areas with advantageous non-mineral resources. The development and utilization of superior resources to develop new pillar industries is also greatly demonstrated and driven.

The industry associations represented by the China Non-Metallic Mining Industry Association have done a lot of detailed work in recent years. Hu Qin, president of China Non-Metallic Mining Industry Association, said at the "2016 China Non-Metallic Mining Industry Conference" just held that in the future, research and development of new industrial models and business models is a new topic facing non-metallic minerals. Reducing excess capacity and backward production capacity, promoting joint restructuring, accelerating industrial transformation and upgrading, and developing high-end non-metallic mineral products are new targets for future industrial development.

On August 28th, the China Green Building Materials Industry Development Alliance hosted the 2016 China Non-Metallic Mining Industry Technology Seminar hosted by the NSF National Non-Metallic Minerals Special Committee, which will gather experts, scholars and entrepreneurs from all walks of life to jointly discuss non-mine new Exchange of opinions on issues such as technological innovation and application of new results.

"It is the gold will always shine", this is the inspirational quotes that the Chinese people often hang on their lips. Even a seemingly ridiculous depression can't stop the radiance of gold. The rapid development of China's national economy and industrialization has pushed various emerging "golden industries" to the historical stage, and the non-metallic mineral industry is an important member.

In the future, when this piece of "golden land" really produces a "squatting effect", let the superior resources truly exert their superiority, concentrate more advantageous enterprises, and focus on the greater advantage of research and development, then, the transformation and upgrading of China's building materials industry Put the golden key in your own hands.

Excerpt from China Building Materials Network

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