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Saw, axe, planer, hammer, ruler... woodworking tools see this all!
Ancient construction woodworking tools mainly include saws, axes, planers, chisels, hammers, rulers, etc. Most wooden tools are made by craftsmen themselves. Planers, saws and chisel handles, axe handles, ink fountains, and rulers are all made of hardwood.
The carpenter is very particular about the tools. It is often said that “half the life and half the peopleâ€, which means that the tools are indispensable. On the other hand, you can also reflect how your craft is from your own tools. A good set of tools can be used to make it work and easy.
With the development of modernization, the degree of mechanization of woodworking is also constantly improving. The commonly used woodworking machinery includes flat machine, planer, flashlight, eye machine, circular saw, band saw, wire machine, etc. Construction provides superior conditions and quality assurance. However, hand tools are still used in some repairs and small constructions.
Saw
1, over the mountain dragon (crape saw)
Generally used for material breakage, it is necessary for two people to cooperate with each other. The width of the saw blade is wide. The sawtooth is half forward from the middle. Afterwards, the tooth path is generally herringbone, and the left and right sides are folded.
When you use it, you can't push it hard. If you want to pull the saw, you only need to press and hold it slowly. Generally, when sawing nearly half of the wood, the wood is turned over and the other half is sawn. Beware of the tearing of the wood due to the break when approaching the lower opening.
2, large saw
Generally 28~32 inches, used as broken small materials, saw hoes, hoes and shoulders, saw flat legs, open hoes and so on.
3, the middle saw
Often 24 to 26 inches, mainly used for the opening of wooden shovel and cut off. Since the materials used for wood decoration are not too large, the saw should not be too large and the serrations should be smaller.
4, coarse tooth small saw
18~20 inches, commonly used for general small materials and door and window saw angles and saw sheets. Regardless of the size of the large, medium and small saws, the shape is basically the same, but the craftsmen of the locals are still slightly different in the form of the saw, showing the sawing of each faction.
5. Winding saw
It is a 26~32 inch strip saw with a length that is used to round the saw, such as the Xuan bend and the shoulder and stud round fork for cutting the round beam.
6, fine tooth small saw
The length is 14~16 inches, generally made by the clockwork in the clock, but the serration should be thin, that is, the distance between the teeth should be between 1.5~2mm. Since the saw blade is thin, it is generally not necessary to open the sawing road, but the sanding brick is thinned on the back of the saw blade, and the sawing surface is thick to the back of the saw. In this way, the saw shoulder will not be clamped, and a few saws can be opened. This small saw is mainly used for the window core, the shoulder of the hanging core, the cutting angle and the sawing fork.
7, wearing a saw
The length is about 6 inches, the saw blade is mounted on the front end of the pendulum handle, half is embedded in the wood saw slot, and half is exposed outside the slot. The saw teeth are divided into two directions in front and rear, that is, half of the teeth face forward and half of the teeth face backward. It is necessary to dial some sawing roads, which are often used for the piercing and decking of the door panel and the opening of the inclined slot of some door panels. The usage is from front to back until the sawing path is passed, and the oblique groove can be pushed and pulled back and forth.
plane
1, long push planing
The length of the carpentry ruler is one foot six inches ~ one foot eight inches. The long push planer is divided into rough planer and fine pusher. In both planes, the planer is large and the planer is small, and the planer is small. The planer's planer is divided into two inches and six inches. The coarse planer is used to plan the basic shape, and then the planer is used to finish the planing.
The angle of the planer of the plane depends on the wood of the planer. Generally, the angle of the oblique angle of the Jiangnan Xiangshan Carpenter Planer is made according to the ratio of the right triangle. Planed fir is one-eighth to eight-and-a-half-and-half-inch, which is commonly known as playing seven or eight inches. If the wood is harder, it will be made in inches and nine inches.
Inch inch is the 45° angle between the bottom edge and the planer. The folks have the slang of "inching nine, everything is awkward", but in fact, the shaved fir is used to hit seven to eight inches, and it should be loose and effective.
2, short planing
Commonly known as short push planer, its length is between six inches and eight inches. It is also the same as long planer. Planing knives are available in four-inch, six-inch, two-inch, etc. Short-pushing planes are also divided into two types: soft wood and hard wood. The planer angle is the same as that of the long push planer. It is often used for planing and surface leveling.
3, medium long planer
The length is between the long and short planers, and can be used as a rough planer such as a column beam tweezers. Also divided into two types. Because it is easy to have distortion with a short planer, it is more suitable to use a long planer with a long planer.
4, the planer
Specially used to plan round members, such as columns, purlins, beams, acorns, etc. The bottom arc can be made in several different diameters. Generally, the radius of the arc of the planer is about one to two inches larger than the radius of the planed log. Before using it, the rounded wood should be made into a polygonal shape, and then the roughing plane should be used to remove the angle, and then the shaving plane can be used to plan the circle. The planing knife can be used with the cover iron.
5, convex bottom planer
The bottom of the planer is as flat as before and after, and the middle planer is raised into an arc. It is specially used to plan the curved wood, bend, bend the raft and bend the 椽. The planer's curved brown bottom planer needs to be covered with iron, so that the curved oak of the harder wood will be smoother and the anti-falling performance is better.
6, large face planing
The bottom of the planer is like a planer. It is often used to plan the window frame, the window frame, and the face line of the push-down frame.
7, small face planing
The planing section is like a planer. It is a special planing window core and a hanging core. The width of the planer can be made according to the width of the core. The small face planer can be made into a one-handed planer, that is, the width of the planer is the same as the core size, and the two-handed face planer, that is, the planer is placed in the plane, and the rails can be made on both sides of the planer. Not easy to move around.
8, big planing
The sub-line for the window frame can also be used for the lower waist of the bucket when it is used as a bucket. It is also used for the joint of the circular diameter surface of the plane, the pillar and the sub-surface and the window.
9, small planing
Designed for window cores and small sub-surface lines required to hang the core. The small-Asian planer is generally made into a one-handed, two-handed line planer according to the width of the core divided into three points, four points, five points, and the like. Da Ya planing must be made into two-handed.
10, sample line planing, wood corner line planer, corner round line planer
The sample line planer is often used to make the shed line in the gauze or the ancient Eight Immortal table and chair line. Size can be divided into one-and-a-half to three-point wide. The line planer usually makes a line bottom on the planer. Push the plane for both hands. Can also be made into a two-line type, that is, on the left and right sides of the planer, respectively, open a semi-circular line mouth, can be used for left and right planing. There are many styles of sample line planers, which can be used to plan a variety of lines. Another common is the non-angled and angular round lines.
The wooden corner line is often used for special corners of wooden windows, rafters, rafters, hangs, railings, etc. For example, the window frame used in conjunction with the sub-line and the hanging frame are called the Yamu corner line. The wooden corner lines are generally divided into two sizes, the large size is used for the large-sized member, and the small size is used for the frame of the window, the hanging, and the like. The wooden corner planing method is divided into a diagonal planer and a single type. The small size is 4 to 5 mm deep and the large size is 7 to 10 mm deep.
The round line in the corner is the same as the corner line, but the line is the intersection of the round lines. Commonly used for the corners of ancient tea table legs and balusters. The size is divided into three points, four points and five points.
11, trough planing
The slot is used to allow the sandwich panel, the pad, and the panel to enter the slot. The size of the planer is divided into several points, half, two, three, four, five, six, and so on. Large-sized grooved planers are used for backing plates and sandwich panels. Small-sized grooved planers are often used for window skirts, sandwich panels and glass tanks. In the past, the shovel was used to plan the upper and lower shovel, shovel and seam of the doors and windows.
12, shovel planing
Commonly used for high and low seams and shovel, such as seams between window sashes and slats of straight door panels, shovel shovel.
13, line planing
Used to correct the shape of the line edges and the shovel lines and seams. The knife edge is a thin small planer. Often used in combination with shovel planing, slotting, etc. It is possible to both correct the lines and smooth the sides. Folk slang is called "small line and two meats". It can be seen that it is not easy to use the line planer in a single day.
14, rolling planer (a word planer)
Commonly used for rounded curved correction planing. Such as the girders digging the bottom, the stigma and the bottom of the column to correct the rounding.
15, pocketing planer
Designed for the planer skirt and the folder board, commonly known as "a piece of jade." The planing edge of the planer should be made into a slanting mouth so that the end can be made smooth when the cross-cut is made. There is a round mouth and a square mouth. The round belly can be used to plan the round belly with rounded corners. At the same time, it is not necessary to use a saw or a knife to make the line.
It is best to use a saw or a knife to make a line on the end face when cutting the horizontal stripes. The surface of the board is cut to prevent the surface from burring. The slope of the oblique knife can be two to three points. Since the planer is inclined, the planer and the knife edge are required to be in parallel, and the space is not too large, otherwise the smoothness of the planed body will be affected.
16, Sesame Line
The sesame line is often used for long lines in long window frames, such as for the long windows of the front of the temple building.
17, side planing
It is generally one-handed and designed for shovel shovel. The shovel is not too wide and should be operated with one hand. Sometimes it can also be lined up. The high and low seams and glass shovel of the regular shovel.
18, all kinds of word planing
When doing round-shaped kneading, sub-surface, sample line, and wood corner line, you need to do a line-shaped line planer to match the arc trend. All kinds of feet are lined with metal mouths to ensure that the rounded feet are smooth and delicate.
chisel
1, inch chisel
It is one inch wide and two thick and thin. It is usually a large eye with a string, a beam and a bucket. It is cut with a thicker one. The relatively thin inch chisel is specially designed for the decoration and the correction of the blinking contour, so it is also called thin chisel.
2, three to eight points of flat chisel
Used for boring holes in large wood and decoration pillars and door and window decoration.
3, one minute ~ three points flat chisel
Used for door and window decoration and blinking on the core.
4, oblique chisel
The oblique chisel is usually divided into two sizes. The large oblique chisel is wide, and is generally used for flattening, inverting large corners of large wood and as a hand shovel. Small for shovel and small angles for decoration.
5, chiseling
This is a non-front steel chisel for chiseling or chiseling.
6, large round chisel
It is generally used for large round holes and grooves such as the door of the garage and the cutting of the diamond legs. It can also be used to correct the fork of the shoulder of the large wooden member.
7, one inch round chisel
A rounded corner for a slanting eye or a chiseling line on a window.
8, five-point chisel
Generally used for small diameter holes or small round corners.
9, one-and-a-half to three-pointed chisel
Used to chisel smaller holes and to decorate the knots on the hooks to make small rounded corners.
Miscellaneous equipment
1, axe
Usually divided into two. A large mouth and heavy, mainly used to cut columns, beams, purlins or hits when doing big wood work. The other port is lighter and lighter, and is often used for decoration. The axe is an axe, it is not appropriate to use two axe. The axe style is often based on the nine-character axe and the weekly axe. The front angle of the ancient construction carpenter's axe is shorter than the rear angle, because it is more appropriate to use the gestures and angles.
2, Shantou
For the horns, the hammer face should be flat, and the nail surface should be smooth and rigid.
3, draw and dance
Often used to open the eyes. Such as the nails of the door and window panels, the nail holes of the puzzles, the eyelets of the doors and windows. Some eye-catching is easy to splicing, and some eye-catching can prevent the cracking of wood, enhance the strength of the wood, and also facilitate some of the nails to be buried before painting.
4, ruler
The ancient building wood is divided into a large ruler, a short ruler, a triangle ruler, a butterfly ruler, a size ruler, a steel tape measure, and the like. The length of the big ruler ranges from one foot eight inches to two feet. It is often used to draw a wide scale in the big wood, and the beef bone is glued on the ruler, and the size is engraved on the bone bone (Luban ruler). The ruler uses hardwood such as mahogany and bridge wood.
The masonry is commonly used in mahogany, bridgewood or steamed bamboo. The ruler made of bamboo should pay attention to: 1 one side of the green surface can not create two layers of bamboo yellow, the second layer of bamboo yellow to retain. The end of the 2-foot seedling is exposed, and there is a bamboo knot at the end, commonly known as the two-headed festival. Only in this way can we ensure that the seedlings are firm and not easy to crack and durable.
(1) Short or small ruler: 5 inches to 1 foot long, often used for decoration and drawing narrow section dimensions. In fact, the ruler is the same as the above tools. It is used to make large pieces of work with large rulers, and when using the small core of the pane, it is mainly convenient.
(2) Triangle ruler: It is often used to draw a 45° cut angle to make a 90° angle slash.
(3) Butterfly ruler: It is often used for the cross stitch of the window core and the railing core. Sometimes a ruler is used for various angles, such as 90°, 45°, 22.5°, 30°, 60°. Equal angle.
(4) Size and size: Large live feet are often used in large wood construction. Because the ruler and the ruler are longer, it is easy to scribe on large components. Small rulers are often used for core scribing of pane decoration, such as scribing cores, ice cores, and scribing. Sometimes the two ends of the small live ruler can be used on both ends, and the diagonal lines at different angles can be drawn.
(5) Steel tape measure: tape measure and steel ruler, alloy ruler, metal triangle ruler and movable square ruler. These indispensable modern tools, the angle of the ruler is not easy to be deformed, and the legal scale is convenient and durable, but there are also some shortcomings: 1 It is easy to remove the ink when using the indigo line, so that the line drawn is thicker. 2 Because the metal ruler is generally thin, the edge and the line are not as convenient as the wooden ruler.
5, ink fountain
Homemade ink fountains, often divided into two-handed ink fountains and one-handed ink fountains. The big wood used is often a two-handed ink fountain. The practice points are as follows: 1 Take the bamboo tube as the ink tube, and use the wooden tray to make the ink body. 2 Cut out with a whole piece of wood carving. One-handed ink fountains are carved out of a single piece of wood, often with a wire frame on one side, so the ink fountain is smaller than the two-hand ink fountain. Ink fountains are commonly used in raw lacquer (great lacquer), which is not easy to rot and crack, and durable.
6, Mo Qing, also known as indigo
It is made with green bamboo and used for scribing, which is much superior to pencil. When the ink is cut, there are two kinds of cuts. The large wooden line is not only wider, but also longer. The lines on the decorative doors and windows are narrower and thinner. One aspect to be aware of in the ink is that the head of the ink film should be the small head of the original bamboo (the bamboo end). The ink green opened by this method is relatively tight and difficult to spread.